Tulisan 10_etika bisnis_COUNT AND NON-COUNT NOUNS

COUNT AND NON-COUNT NOUNS

A Count noun is one that can be counted (dpt dhitung)

Example:

Book  -- One book, two books, three books, ....

Person – one person, two people, three people ....

A non-count noun is one that cannot be counted (tdk dpt dhtung)

Milk --- you cannot say: one milk, two milks, ...

It is possible, however, to count some non- count nouns if the substance is placed in a countable container.

Example: glass of milk – one glass of milk, two glasses of milk, ...

Some determiners can be used only with count or non-count nouns while others can be used with either.

With COUNT NOUNS	With NON-COUNT NOUNS
a(n), the, some, any this, that, these, those none, one, two, three, .... many a lot of a (large / great) number of (a)few Fewer ... than More .... than	The, some, any This, that None Much (usually in negatives or questions) A lot of A large amount of (a)little Less ... than More ... than

It is very important to know if a noun is count or non-count. Be sure that you know the plurals or irregular count nouns. The following list contains some irregular count nouns that you should know

Person – people         child – children        tooth - teeth Foot – feet                 mouse – mice           man - men Woman – women      goose – geese           etc.

The following list some non-count that you should know

(a)    WHOLE GROUPS MADE UP OF SIMILAR ITEMS: baggage, clothing, equipment, food, fruit, furniture, garbage, hardware, jewelry, junk, luggage, machinery, mail, make up, money, postage, scenery, traffic

(b)   FLUID: water, coffee, tea, milk, oil, soup, gasoline, blood, etc. (c)    SOLIDS: ice, bread, butter, cheese, meat, gold, iron, silver, glass, paper, wood, cotton, wool, etc. (d)   GASES: steam, air, oxygen, nitrogen, smoke, pollution, etc. (e)    PARTICLES: rice, chalk, corn, dirt, dust, flour, grass, hair, pepper, salt, sand, sugar, wheat, etc.

(f)     ABSTRACTIONS: -          Beauty, confidence, education, enjoyment, fun, happiness, health, help, honesty,  importance, knowledge, luck, music, peace, recreation, sleep, truth, wealth, etc. -          Advice, information, news, evidence, proof -          Energy, time, space -          Homework, work -          Grammar, vocabulary (g)    LANGUAGES:  Arabic, Chinese, English, Spanish, etc. (h)    FIELD OF STUDY: Chemistry, engineering, history, literature, mathematics, psychology, etc. (i)      RECREATION: Baseball, soccer, tennis, chess, bridge, poker, etc (j)     GENERAL ACTIVITIES: driving, studying, swimming, travelling, walking (and other gerunds)

(k)   NATURAL PHENOMENA: weather, dew, fog, hail, heat, rain, sleet, snow, wind, darkness, light, sunshine, fire, gravity.

·        EXPRESSION OF QUANTITY

An expression of quantity (example: one, several, many, much) may precede a noun.
expression of quantity	Used with count nouns	Used without non count nouns
One Each Every	One apple Each apple Every apple
Two Both A couples of A few Several Many A number of	Two apples Both apples A couples of apples A few apples Several apples Many apples A number of apples
A little Much A great deal of		A little rice Much rice A great deal of rice
Not any/no Some A lot of Lots of Plenty of Most All	Not any/no apples Some apples A lot of apples Lots of apples Plenty of apples Most apples All apples	Not any/no rice Some rice A lot of rice Lots of rice Plenty of rice Most rice All rice

A AND AN

A or an can precede only singular count nouns; they mean one.

Example:

            A baseball is round.                              (General – means all baseball)

            I saw a boy in the street                        (we don’t know which boy)

An is used before words that begin with a vowel sound

            An apple, An umbrella, An hour, etc.

A is used before words that begin with a consonant sound.

            A book, a house, a table, etc.

The following words begin with a consonant sound and thus always be preceded by a.

European    eulogy      euphemism     eucalyptus House       home         heavy             half Uniform    university  universal       union

The following words begin with a vowel sound and thus always be preceded by an.

Hour    heir           herbal        honor Uncle   umbrella   unnatural   understanding

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